Enzymy

Przypisy

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Większość słowników, leksykonów, encyklopedii definiuje enzymy jak cząsteczki białkowe. Jednak dziś znaczenie tego słowa jest rozszerzane na biokatalizatory ogólnie, w środku tym rybozymy plus inne katalizatory niebiałkowe. Za przyjęciem w ten sposób rozszerzonej definicji przemawia m.in. fakt, że rybozymy mają nadawane numery zgodne z nomenklaturą EC, tudzież ponadto są katalogowane plus nazywane zwyczajowo, jako enzymy białkowe. Zobacz też definicję terminu wg IUPAC [1].
  2. ↑ enzymes (en). W: IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Electronic version [on-line]. [dostęp 20 styczeń 2008].
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Berg Jeremy M., Tymoczko John L., Stryer Lubert: Biochemia. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2007. ISBN 978-83-01-14379-4.  (pl)
  4. ↑ Daniel RM, Finney JL, Réat V, Dunn R, Ferrand M, Smith JC. Enzyme dynamics and activity: time-scale dependence of dynamical transitions in glutamate dehydrogenase solution. Biophys J. Oct;77, 4, 2184-2190. 1999. PMID 10512837. (en)
  5. ↑ Lilley DM. Structure, folding and mechanisms of ribozymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol. Jun;15, 3, 313-23. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2005.05.002. PMID 15919196. (en)
  6. ↑ Breaker RR., Joyce GF., Hoyce GF. A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. Chem Biol. Dec;1, 4, 223-9. 1998. doi:10.1016/1074-5521(94)90014-0. PMID 9383394. (en)
  7. ↑ Silverman SK. Deoxyribozymes: DNA catalysts for bioorganic chemistry. Org Biomol Chem. Oct 7;2, 19, 2701-6. 2004. doi:10.1039/B411910J. PMID 15455136. (en)
  8. ↑ Groves JT. Artificial enzymes. The importance of being selective. Nature. Sep 25;389, 6649, 329-30. 1997. doi:10.1038/38602. PMID 9311771. (en)
  9. ↑ de Réaumur, RAF. Observations sur la digestion des oiseaux. Histoire de l'academie royale des sciences, 1752, 266, 461. 1752. (en)
  10. ↑ Williams, H. S: A History of Science: in Five Volumes. Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1904.  (en)
  11. ↑ Dubos J.. Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science, Gollancz. Quoted in Manchester K. L. (1995) Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)—chance and the prepared mind.. Trends Biotechnol, 13, 511–515. 1951. PMID 8595136. (en)
  12. ↑ ferment (pl). W: Słownik wyrazów obcych oraz zwrotów obcojęzycznych Władysława Kopalińskiego [on-line]. [dostęp 12 styczeń 2008].
  13. ↑ Eduard Buchner Biography. W: Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901-1921. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1966.  (en)
  14. ↑ Cell-free fermentation. W: Eduard Buchner: Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901-1921. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1966.  (en)
  15. ↑ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 (en). Nobel Foundation. [dostęp 10 styczeń 2008].
  16. ↑ Blake CC., Koenig DF., Mair GA., North AC., Phillips DC., Sarma VR. Structure of w oddaleniu egg-white lysozyme. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution. Nature. May 22;206, 986, 757-61. 1966. PMID 5891407. (en)
  17. ↑ Carl R. Woese: Genetic Code. New York: Harper & Row, 1968. ISBN 978-0060471750.  (en)
  18. ↑ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 (en). Nobel Foundation. [dostęp 18 styczeń 2008].
  19. ↑ Kruger K, Grabowski PJ, Zaug AJ, Sands J, Gottschling DE, Cech TR. Self-splicing RNA: autoexcision and autocyclization of the ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena. Cell, 1, 147-5. 1982. PMID 6297745. (en)
  20. ↑ Chen LH, Kenyon GL, Curtin F, Harayama S, Bembenek ME, Hajipour G, Whitman CP. 4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase, an enzyme composed of 62 amino acid residues per monomer. J. Biol. Chem, 267, 17716-21. 1992. PMID 1339435. (en)
  21. ↑ Smith S. The animal fatty acid synthase: one gene, one polypeptide, seven enzymes. FASEB J, 15, 1248–59. 1994. PMID 8001737. (en)
  22. ↑ Anfinsen C.B.. Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains. Science, 223–230. 1973. PMID 4124164. (en)
  23. ↑ The European Bioinformatics Institute: The Catalytic Site Atlas (en). [dostęp 28 kwietnia 2008].
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  29. ↑ Firn, Richard: The Screening Hypothesis - oraz new explanation of secondary product diversity and function (en). [dostęp 2006-10-11].
  30. ↑ Fischer E.. Einfluss der Configuration auf die Wirkung der Enzyme. Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges., 27, 2985–2993. 1894. (en)
  31. ↑ Koshland D. E.. Application of zaś Theory of Enzyme Specificity to Protein Synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 44, 98–104. 1958. PMID 16590179. (en)
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  36. ↑ Kafri R., Lancet D.. Probability Rule for Chiral Recognition. Chirality, 16, 369–378. 2004. doi:10.1002/chir.20049. PMID 15190582. (en)
  37. ↑ Fersht, Alan: Enzyme structure and mechanism. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1985, ss. 50-52. ISBN 0-7167-1615-1.  (en)
  38. ↑ Jencks W.P: Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology. New York: Dover Publications, 1987. ISBN 978-0486654607.  (en)
  39. ↑ Villa J, Strajbl M, Glennon TM, Sham YY, Chu ZT, Warshel A. How important are entropic contributions to enzyme catalysis?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. 22, 97, 11899-904. 2000. PMID 11050223. (en)
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  43. ↑ Eisenmesser EZ, Millet O, Labeikovsky W, Korzhnev DM, Wolf-Watz M, Bosco DA, Skalicky JJ, Kay LE, Kern D.. Intrinsic dynamics of an enzyme underlies catalysis.. Nature, 3;438(7064), 117-21. 2005 November 3. PMID 16267559. (en)
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  46. ↑ Agarwal PK, Geist A, Gorin A. Protein dynamics and enzymatic catalysis: investigating the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization activity of cyclophilin A. Biochemistry. August 24;43, 33, 10605-18. 2004. PMID 15311922. (en)
  47. ↑ Tousignant A, Pelletier JN.. Protein motions promote catalysis.. Chem Biol.. 8, 11, 1037–42. 2004. PMID 15324804. (en)
  48. ↑ Olsson M.H.M., Parson W.W., Warshel A.. Dynamical Contributions to Enzyme Catalysis: Critical Tests of A Popular Hypothesis. Chem. Rev, 105, 1737-1756. 2006. PMID 16683752. (en)
  49. ↑ M.W.G. de Bolster: Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Cofactors (en). 1997. [dostęp 2008-01-07].
  50. ↑ M.W.G. de Bolster: Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Coenzymes (en). 1997. [dostęp 2008-01-07].
  51. ↑ coenzymes and cofactors (en). [dostęp 2008-01-07].
  52. ↑ Enzyme Cofactors (en). [dostęp 2008-01-07].
  53. ↑ AF Wagner, KA Folkers: Vitamins and coenzymes. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1975. ISBN 0-88275-258-8.  (en)
  54. ↑ Henri,V.. Theorie generale de l'action de quelques diastases. Compt. rend. hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris, 135, 916-919. 1902. (en)
  55. ↑ Sørensen,P.L.. Enzymstudien {II}. Über die Messung und Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen. Biochem. Z., 21, 131-304. 1909. (en)
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  58. ↑ Without enzyme catalyst, slowest known biological reaction takes 1 trillion years (en). EurekAlert, 2003-05-3. [dostęp 2008-01-6].
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